DESIGN THINKING

KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES

Identify that products are made from a variety of different materials. 

Describe accurately how the parts of a product are put together. 

Suggest the criteria that might have been used when designing and making a product. 

Examine, describe and evaluate similar products to gain useable technical information.

Identify the different materials and components and suggest why they have been used. 

Name and describe the methods and processes used to construct the product 

Distinguish between the quality of the design and the quality of manufacture.

Find and select information which informs and clarifies thinking about the task.

Observe people and products. 

Identify conflicting criteria and determine which should take priority.

Record research, using notes, sketches, diagrams, etc.

Log time as it is used.

KNOWLEDGE ACTIVITIES

Make a list of... make a timeline of... Make a facts chart.  Write a list of pieces of information you can remember. What can you recall from...? Make a chart showing... make an acrostic using key words. Make up and use a mnemonic. Create a crossword with clues. Create a game of knowledge dominoes / Tarsia game based on... create your own knowledge mat/organiser on the subject

KNOWLEDGE VERBS:

arrange choose  define  describe  draw  find  label  list  memorize  name  order  recognize  relate  recall  remember repeat  reproduce  retrieve  select  match  

Who  Where  What  When  Why  How 

UNDERSTANDING OBJECTIVES

Take account of the type and quality of materials and components that are available.

Draw up a design specification for the product detailing the design criteria which reflect a user’s needs.

Prepare an ordered sequence for managing the task.

Predict and manage the time needed to complete a short task (e.g. within a lesson.)

Look ahead for problems and plan alternative ways of progressing and testing ideas and solutions.

Describe accurately how the parts of a product are put together.

UNDERSTANDING ACTIVITIES

Cut out, or draw pictures to show…  Illustrate what you think the main idea may have been. Make a cartoon strip showing a sequence of events. Write a summary report of the event.  Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events.  Make a colouring book.  Make an infographic to share the information accurately…   

Write and perform an engaging presentation in a style of your choice.  Retell the information in  your own words.  Design and write the clues for a crossword based on…  Assemble a Tarsia puzzle.  Create a boardgame based on… Write and perform a song based on...

UNDERSTANDING VERBS

choose compare classify defend describe discuss display display establish EXPLAIN express identify indicate ILLUSTRATE locate  paraphrase  rearrange  recognise  report  represent  respond  restate  review  report  support  SUMMARISE substantiate.

APPLYING OBJECTIVES

Explore needs, wants and opportunities, in the context of designing for clients.

Use solutions to problems from the present, and other times and cultures, to inform your design thinking.

Recognise critical factors that need to be included as design criteria.

Product footprint: Select information sources, gathering and sorting data that will help with ideas for, and decisions about, the design. 

Comment on how effectively the information has been used.

Explore ideas in ways that show an understanding of their impact for the future.

Be prepared to take risks when generating ideas through a range of creative and critical thinking techniques.

Manage some shorter tasks independently (e.g. Focussed Practical Tasks and product analysis activities)

Share decisions about the task with teachers and/or others. 

Be aware of different roles within a group and adjust your behaviour accordingly.

Gather technical information on the materials and components available and use this to inform decisions about suitability for purpose.

Decide on the main stages of making and the order in which they must be carried out. 

Predict time needed for a series of subtasks with the overall task. 

Reflect on and evaluate how time is used within an activity.  Negotiate tasks with the teacher and/or others. 

Adopt given roles with a group.

Produce plans that allocate the time needed to carry out the main stages of making (e.g. across a number of lessons) 

Prioritise and reconcile decisions about materials, time and production. 

Choose to adopt an appropriate role within a group (e.g. leader, designer).

Review progress against plans at important stages of the task.

Match and select suitable materials considering their fitness for purpose.

Understand the need that a product is intended to serve and judge how well it meets that need

APPLYING  ACTIVITIES

Construct a model to demonstrate how it works. 

Make a diorama to illustrate an event                                      

Make a scrapbook about the areas of study.      

Use a sketchbook to practise techniques and make notes of ideas.                                        

Make a papier-mache map / clay model to include relevant information about…

Make a model using materials and joining methods that simulate the actual processes

Arrange a collection of photographs to demonstrate a particular point.                   

Make up a puzzle game.                         

Make a textbook, pamphlet, poster, display board, web-page, or app about this topic for others.

Solve part of the problem using maths.

Use a research technique to produce useful information.

Apply a previously learnt skill to further your design.

APPLYING  VERBS

adapt  adjust  alter  apply  change  construct  choose  combine demonstrate  dramatize  employ  illustrate  implement  interpret  make  modify  operate  perform  plan  PRACTISE produce  reorganise  report  report  revise  schedule  sketch  solve  SUGGEST use

ANALYSING OBJECTIVES

Find and select information which informs and clarifies thinking about the task.

Identify design possibilities by discussing opportunities presented by the task.

Use existing, familiar products and systems to inform their design thinking.

Explore needs, wants and opportunities in the context of designing for yourself .

Develop design criteria to satisfy the design brief .

Make alternative design proposals regarding the choice of materials. 

Explain the choices and decisions made in designed and manufactured products, processes and systems and identify alternative possibilities.

Analyse how existing products are designed and made in order to provide a range of strategies and factual information to use when designing your own products.

ANALYSING ACTIVITIES

Design a questionnaire to gather information.                                                 

Write a commercial to sell a new product.                                

Make flow chart to show the critical stages.                                                  

Construct a graph to illustrate selected information.                                             

Make a family tree showing relationships, or other relational infographic (e.g. mindmap)

Devise a play about the study area.                                          

Write a biography of a person studied.                                     

Prepare a summary report about the area of study.

Carry out a disassembly

Carry out a product analysis

Carry out a Lifecycle Analysis (LCA)

Complete a PIES analysis

Analyse the user’s needs and wants

ANALYSING  VERBS

assess analyse appraise argue classify compare comment calculate categorize compare contrast criticize detect desconstruct differentiate discriminate distinguish examine  experiment focus investigate integrate measure outline question select structure

EVALUATION OBJECTIVES

Discuss, debate, question and challenge information and the nature of the task itself.

Formulate criteria to judge the quality of a product and the extent to which it meets the need, purpose and resource limits, and its impact on society..

Appreciate the conflicting demands upon designers and makers and acknowledge the balance between help and harm.

Evaluate design ideas and products by comparing them against the original design criteria and suggest improvements. 

Make judgements about the originality and value of ideas and solutions to further their development.

Show understanding of the need that a product is intended to serve and judge how well it meets that need.

Evaluate your design ideas and products by comparing them against the original design criteria and suggest improvements. 

Evaluate your design ideas and products by comparing them against the original design criteria and suggest improvements.

Distinguish between the quality of the design and the quality of manufacture.

Modify and transform ideas, changing direction if needed, ask questions (e.g. Where is this going? Does it work? What do I do next? What makes a good … ?).

Justify decisions made in the selection of materials and methods of making.  

Discuss with the users of the product the extent to which it meets the original design criteria and refine criteria further

EVALUATING ACTIVITIES

Conduct a debate about an issue of special interest.                                             

Make a booklet about five rules you see as important.                                           

Convince others that…                      

Form a panel to discuss views.                   

Write a persuasive letter to...advising on changes needed.                                                        

Write a half-year report.                           

Prepare a case to present your view about...

Explain what this is worth

Evaluate against your targets

Evaluate against  specific performance criteria

Use product analysis to give judgements about all aspects of the product

EVALUATING VERBS

appraise classify compare calculate categorize comment compare contrast criticize debate detect desconstruct differentiate discuss discriminate distinguish examine experiment evaluate focus investigate integrate measure outline question review select structure

CREATING & SYNTHESISING OBJECTIVES

IDEATION= Coming up with lots of ideas quickly

Use strategies which generate a variety of design ideas quickly as a direct response to the design criteria and the information present at the start of a design journey.

Make connections and identify relationships between the form and function of existing products and link them to design proposals.

Use a range of materials, media and art forms to stimulate the imagination (e.g. pictures, stories, poems, music, videos, products, walks in the park, the most interesting book in the second hand bookshop) 

Use a range of strategies to produce, communicate, and record initial ideas (e.g. a sketchbook to record 2-D and 3-D sketches, collages, notes, discussions, vlog, audio recording etc.) to assist self-reflection and to describe your ideas and thinking to others.

Use a range of information sources, mainly provided by the teacher.

Use a range of information sources, of your own choosing.

Develop the capacity to build and manipulate images in your mind whilst making them visible.

Produce and consider conventional, original, unusual, unique and/or eccentric ideas. 

Develop flexible and independent thinking about existing products and solutions (by encouraging questioning, openness to ideas and approaches when generating design proposals). 

Develop the capacity to build and manipulate images in your mind in a constructive or analytical way.

Use a range of design strategies which combine creative thinking and the application of knowledge  

Record and share ideas with others and gather and use constructive feedback to develop a clear and detailed design proposal.

Produce creative solutions which address the design criteria in expected and/or unexpected ways. 

Be prepared to take risks when generating ideas through a range of creative and critical thinking techniques.

Explore and play with conventional and unconventional ideas related to the task.

ITERATING= Developing, refining, improving, broadening and expanding a range of ideas with the users and collaborators

Use a range of strategies to explore and experiment with ideas before making judgements.

Work out, and reflect on, the technical details of ideas by modelling them through drawing, discussion, ICT and in 3-D.

Try fresh or alternative approaches when developing ideas and overcoming new problems and challenges. 

Find out what materials and components are available and use technical information to decide on their suitability for the task.

Develop different strategies to elaborate, embellish, expand and develop design ideas.

Seek opinions of potential users of the product but also decide whether their own design criteria are accurate and detailed enough for the purpose.

Continually think visually, spatially and analytically when developing and evaluating Ideas.

Try alternative, sometimes unconventional, approaches for overcoming difficulties, modifying proposals and communicating these to others.

Keep a sketch book/visual recorder with you to capture inspiration as it strikes you away from the classroom.

Record, reflect on and develop the creativity methods that work best for you.

CREATING & SYNTHESISING ACTIVITIES

Invent a machine to do a specific task.                                       

Design a building to house your study.                                           

Create a new product….                      

…give it a name and …

….plan a marketing campaign.                         

Write about your feelings in relation to...                                

Write a TV show,  play, puppet show, role play, song, sketch, comedy routine  or pantomime about…                     

Design  the cover of a record, book or magazine for...                                                            

Create a sales pitch for an idea                                          

Devise a way to...

Produce a film /video to...

Create an animation to...

Write a blog/create a vlog

Create a Podcast textbook, pamphlet, poster, display board, web-page

CREATING & SYNTHESISING VERBS

arrange  assemble  collect  combine  compose  construct  choreograph create  design  develop  devise  extemporise  extrapolate  formulate  improvise  invent  jam  manage  organize  order  plan  prepare  propose  re-build  relate  set up structure  synthesise